meaning of federal democratic republic in nepali
It is bounded by Laos and Thailand to the southeast. [153], Previously and currently analysed data, as well as future projections on changes caused by climate change predict serious consequences to development for all economic, productive, social, and environmental sectors in Myanmar. Is parliament dissolution constitutional? Rubies are the biggest earner; 90% of the world's rubies come from the country, whose red stones are prized for their purity and hue. Myanmar was bombed extensively by the Allies. [105][106] One report documented 77 per cent as the official turnout rate of the election. Published On: [51], Around the second century BCE the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. By: Neha Sharma. In 1527, the Confederation of Shan States conquered Ava and ruled Upper Myanmar until 1555. They include Burmese, Karen, Kachin, Chin, and Chinese (mainly Hokkien). Read [199] In January 2007, Russia and China vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council[200] calling on the government of Myanmar to respect human rights and begin a democratic transition. [301] They migrated to escape racial discrimination and the wholesale nationalisation of private enterprise that took place in 1964. Despite the wars, cultural synchronisation continued. [46], The Bronze Age arrived c. 1500 BCE when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a Level 3 Travel Health Notice for Nepal due to COVID-19. [222] Women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners have been victims of sex trafficking in Myanmar. Myanmar (English pronunciation below; Burmese: áá¼ááºáá¬) or Burma, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, is a country in Southeast Asia. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. Most of the movies produced nowadays are comedies. [215], Child soldiers had played a major part in the Burmese Army until around 2012. "[284] Expansions were expected in September 2013 but are mainly Thai and other Asian-based airlines.[284]. In Archaeology in Southeast Asia, from Homo Erectus to the living traditions: choice of papers from the 11th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists, 25–29 September 2006, Bougon, France, Michael Clodfelter. The conflict had forced 40,000 to 50,000 civilians to flee their homes and seek shelter on the Chinese side of the border. Between 1962 and 1974, Myanmar was ruled by a revolutionary council headed by the general. Over the next sixty years, diplomacy, raids, treaties and compromises, known collectively as the Anglo-Burmese Wars, continued until Britain proclaimed control over most of Burma. [337] Myanmar is the world's second largest producer of opium after Afghanistan, producing some 25% of the world's opium, and forms part of the Golden Triangle. Despite large gaps in information for some ecosystems, there is a large potential to develop a comprehensive protected area network that protects its terrestrial biodiversity. The case of parliament dissolution is sub judice in the Supreme Court. [11] In 2007 the international movement to defend women's human rights issues in Myanmar was said to be gaining speed. The military government finalised plans for People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989. The new country was named the Union of Burma, with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first president and U Nu as its first prime minister. [306] It is written in a script consisting of circular and semi-circular letters, which were adapted from the Mon script, which in turn was developed from a southern Indian script in the 5th century. [173], Despite Western isolation, Asian corporations have generally remained willing to continue investing in the country and to initiate new investments, particularly in natural resource extraction. However, Article 76(7) permits the dissolution only if parliament is unable to form a government even after all options provided for in Article 76 are exhausted. However, the military junta refused to cede power[82] and continued to rule the nation as SLORC until 1997, and then as the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) until its dissolution in March 2011. No : 612/074-75
For the Myanmar language, see, "Burma" redirects here. In 1852, the British easily seized Lower Burma in the Second Anglo-Burmese War. It lies between latitudes 9° and 29°N, and longitudes 92° and 102°E. [79] There were sporadic protests against military rule during the Ne Win years, and these were almost always violently suppressed. There are four international schools acknowledged by WASC and College Board—The International School Yangon, Myanmar International School, Yangon International School, and International School of Myanmar in Yangon. Film stars who had been involved in the political activities were banned from appearing in films. 2001. Career, Science Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty. Your daily dose of missed important news of the day. [275] The government of Myanmar controls the gem trade by direct ownership or by joint ventures with private owners of mines. Second, president can reject the recommendation of the PM to dissolve parliament under Lascelles Principles—meaning existing parliament can still function, going to the general election immediately will have a serious impact on the economic condition of the country and parliament can nominate another PM, among others. [318] Other religions are practised largely without obstruction, with the notable exception of some religious minorities such as the Rohingya people, who have continued to have their citizenship status denied and treated as illegal immigrants instead,[227] and Christians in Chin State. [295][296] Myanmar's ethnic minority groups prefer the term "ethnic nationality" over "ethnic minority" as the term "minority" furthers their sense of insecurity in the face of what is often described as "Burmanisation"—the proliferation and domination of the dominant Bamar culture over minority cultures. Many Rohingya Muslims have fled Myanmar. [44] The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 25,000 BP with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. It is estimated that 52,000 Anglo-Burmese remain in Myanmar. In a speech at Chatham House, he revealed that "We [Myanmar government] are reviewing all cases. "Army's rape of Rohingya women sweeping, methodical: AP". 2nd Ed. The 1990 constitution had given such right to the PM, current constitution has not. [295] The remainder are Kachin, Chin, Rohingya, Anglo-Indians, Gurkha, Nepali and other ethnic minorities. Myanmar Business Today; Print Edition, 19 June 2014. The two major Indo-European languages are Pali, the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism, and English. [341] Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.[342][343]. The Burmese government announced on 20 August 2012 that it would stop censoring media before publication. The military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party declared victory in the 2010 elections, stating that it had been favoured by 80 per cent of the votes; however, the claim was disputed by numerous pro-democracy opposition groups who asserted that the military regime had engaged in rampant fraud. [303] 250,000 more left in 1991.[304]. [69] The Burma National Army and the Arakan National Army fought with the Japanese from 1942 to 1944 but switched allegiance to the Allied side in 1945. In contrast, the exiled leaders and organisations claim the country is 40% ethnic. Myanmar lacks adequate infrastructure. By 1988, modern varieties were planted on half of the country's ricelands, including 98 per cent of the irrigated areas. The U.S. threatened sanctions on the military and its leaders, including a "freeze" of US$1 billion of their assets in the U.S.[134][132], Russia and China -- whose representatives had conferred with the Tatmadaw leader Gen. Hlaing just days before the coup[136][137][138] -- refrained from criticizing it. A must-read for English-speaking expatriates and internationals across Europe, Expatica provides a tailored local news service and essential information on living, working, and moving to your country of choice. Brown, Alexandria C (2013) Honesty and carotenoids in a pigmented female fish . [21], In 1989, the military government officially changed the English translations of many names dating back to Burma's colonial period or earlier, including that of the country itself: Burma became Myanmar. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823 but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. [120][123], The election commission declared that any irregularities were too few and too minor to affect the outcome of the election. [266] The British followed the ideologies of Social Darwinism and the free market, and opened up the country to large-scale immigration with Rangoon exceeding New York City as the greatest immigration port in the world in the 1920s. [247] A 2011 report by the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations found that, while contact with the Myanmar government was constrained by donor restrictions, international humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) see opportunities for effective advocacy with government officials, especially at the local level. The country has close relations with neighbouring India and China with several Indian and Chinese companies operating in the country. Together with Ngwe Gaing and a handful of other artists, they were the pioneers of western painting style. [317] According to 2014 Myanmar Census, 87.9% of the population identifies as Buddhists. [139][140] However, both of those nations refrained from blocking a United Nations Security Council resolution calling for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and the other detained leaders. Email: republica@myrepublica.com. Official figures for military spending are not available. In 2007 German professor Bassam Tibi suggested that the Rohingya conflict may be driven by an Islamist political agenda to impose religious laws,[236] while non-religious causes have also been raised, such as a lingering resentment over the violence that occurred during the Japanese occupation of Burma in World War II—during this time period the British allied themselves with the Rohingya[237] and fought against the puppet government of Burma (composed mostly of Bamar Japanese) that helped to establish the Tatmadaw military organisation that remains in power as of March 2013. [295] The Kayin make up 7% of the population. [191][192] In 2010 as part of the Wikileaks leaked cables, Myanmar was suspected of using North Korean construction teams to build a fortified surface-to-air missile facility. [9] In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. [132], By the second day of the coup, thousands of protesters were marching in the streets of the nation's largest city, and commercial capital, Yangon, and other protests erupted nationwide, largely halting commerce and transportation. AKA: ÐайÑÑеÑ. -- winning 396 out of 476 elected seats in parliament. [53], By the 9th century, several city-states had sprouted across the land: the Pyu in the central dry zone, Mon along the southern coastline and Arakanese along the western littoral. [320][321] Jehovah's Witnesses have been present since 1914[322] and have about 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon publishing in 16 languages. Please login! Internet use is estimated to be relatively low compared to other countries. [358] This film was nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 2010 Academy Awards. [302] The Anglo-Burmese at this time either fled the country or changed their names and blended in with the broader Burmese society. [113], General elections were held on 8 November 2015. Later on most young children learned the concepts from them. The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Myanmar is 240. Obama plays it safe during historic visit", "Special Economic Measures (Burma) Regulations", "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic provides CZK 2.5 million of immediate assistance to flood victims in Myanmar/Burma", Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, "Countries, economies and regions – Myanmar", "Burma or Myanmar: Will the US make the switch? Phone: +977 1 4265100
This is compared with 219.3 in 2008 and 662 in 1990. During the 1920s and 1930s, many Burmese-owned film companies made and produced several films. Article 53(4) of Constitution of Kingdom of Nepal had explicitly stated that Prime Minister can recommend the King to dissolve parliament. [150], Myanmar's slow economic growth has contributed to the preservation of much of its environment and ecosystems. More... Nepal Republic Media Pvt Ltd.
[344] All male children in Buddhist families are encouraged to be a novice (beginner for Buddhism) before the age of twenty and to be a monk after the age of twenty. "[261] Foreign investment comes primarily from China, Singapore, the Philippines, South Korea, India, and Thailand. [194], Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. Fertile plains exist in the valleys between the mountain chains. [80] SLORC changed the country's official English name from the "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar" in 18 June 1989 by enacting the adaptation of the expression law. [29] The Czech Republic officially uses Myanmar, although its Ministry of Foreign Affairs uses both Myanmar and Burma on its website. [269], The 1962 coup d'état was followed by an economic scheme called the Burmese Way to Socialism, a plan to nationalise all industries, with the exception of agriculture. [10] The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. In 1940, before Japan formally entered the war, Aung San formed the Burma Independence Army in Japan. King Mindon Min tried to modernise the kingdom and in 1875 narrowly avoided annexation by ceding the Karenni States. [86] In the critical days following this disaster, Myanmar's isolationist government was accused of hindering United Nations recovery efforts. Social media communications platforms, including Facebook and Twitter, removed Tatmadaw postings. [188] Controversy surrounding the Rohingya population also remains an issue between Bangladesh and Myanmar.[189]. Since 2006,[299] over 55,000 Burmese refugees have been resettled in the United States.[300]. [67] Beginning in late 1944, allied troops launched a series of offensives that led to the end of Japanese rule in July 1945. [180] International relations progress indicators continued in September 2012 when Aung San Suu Kyi visited the United States[181] followed by Myanmar's reformist president visit to the United Nations. Ambedkar which was set up when India gained its independence from the British in 1947. [16] The income gap in Myanmar is among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by supporters of the military government. [248], Following Thein Sein's first ever visit to the UK and a meeting with Prime Minister David Cameron, the Myanmar president declared that all of his nation's political prisoners will be released by the end of 2013, in addition to a statement of support for the well-being of the Rohingya Muslim community. . [107], Since the 2010 election, the government has embarked on a series of reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy, a mixed economy, and reconciliation, although doubts persist about the motives that underpin such reforms. [66] A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders, followed the Chindits into the Burmese jungle in 1943. But in February 2021, the civilian government led by Aung San Suu Kyi, was deposed by the Tatmadaw. One of the first to study western art was Ba Nyan. [329], HIV/AIDS, recognised as a disease of concern by the Burmese Ministry of Health, is most prevalent among sex workers and intravenous drug users. Coastal and delta regions have an average maximum temperature of 32 °C (89.6 °F). [39], Myanmar is known with a name deriving from Burma as opposed to Myanmar in Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Greek – Birmania being the local version of Burma in the Spanish language, for example. Human Rights Watch has encouraged a complete ban on the purchase of Burmese gems based on these reports and because nearly all profits go to the ruling junta, as the majority of mining activity in the country is government-run. [50] Iron Age Burmese cultures also had influences from outside sources such as India and Thailand, as seen in their funerary practices concerning child burials. The resounding victory of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy in the 2015 general election raised hope for a successful culmination of this transition. The renaming remains a contested issue. In May 1990, the government held free multiparty elections for the first time in almost 30 years, and the National League for Democracy (NLD), the party of Aung San Suu Kyi, won[81] earning 392 out of a total 492 seats (i.e., 80% of the seats). Since many of them are known only within small tribes around the country, they may have been lost (many if not all) after a few generations. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). [134][132], Myanmar has a total area of 678,500 square kilometres (262,000 sq mi).